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Still Separate and Unequal? By Gary LaFree, Eric P. Baumer, and Robert O'Brien
City-Level Data: Black-White Gap in Homicide Arrests By Decade
Source: Uniform Crime Report Data
Note: This table reports the ratio of black versus white annual murder arrests in each listed city, averaged for each decade. Thus, "12.0" signifies a ratio of 12:1, meaning that, on average, murder arrest rates for blacks for that decade were 12 times greater than for whites.
| City | 1960s Avg. Ratio | 1970s Avg. Ratio | 1980s Avg. Ratio | 1990s Avg. Ratio |
| Akron, Ohio |
12.01 |
13.98 |
4.36 |
7.51 |
| Albuquerque, N.M. | 10.14 | 9.07 | 4.36 | 4.39 |
| Atlanta, Ga. | 5.67 | 3.51 | 4.11 | 10.05
|
| Austin, Texas | 5.16 | 6.11 | 2.46 | 5.09
|
| Baltimore, Md. | 5.32 | 7.13 | 6.12 | 7.56 |
| Birmingham, Ala. | 9.78 | 4.21 | 3.76 | 4.98 |
| Boston, Mass. | 7.86 | 5.23 | 4.82 | 6.13
|
| Buffalo, N.Y. | 12.77 | 8.49 | 5.22 | 7.28
|
| Charlotte, N.C. | 9.70 | 9.22 | 8.24 | 11.70
|
| Chicago, Ill. | 9.60 | 11.40 | 3.63 | 3.72
|
| Cincinnati, Ohio | 8.83 | 5.90 | 5.12 | 7.33
|
| Cleveland, Ohio | 6.32 | 4.56 | 3.98 | 5.23
|
Colorado Springs, Colo. | 24.30 | 12.97 | 5.34 | 7.60
|
| Columbus, Ohio | 8.40 | 7.19 | 4.71 | 8.95
|
| Corpus Christi, Texas | 3.23 | 4.42 | 3.13 | 1.73
|
| Dallas, Texas | 8.16 | 5.46 | 3.05 | 3.59
|
| Dayton, Ohio | 5.81 | 4.40 | 3.53 | 5.17
|
| Denver, Colo. | 7.31 | 4.84 | 3.77 | 3.54
|
| Des Moines, Iowa | 12.31 | 7.99 | 11.32 | 6.69
|
| Detroit, Mich. | 5.97 | 6.09 | 3.59 | 1.94
|
| El Paso, Texas | 9.92 | 2.50 | 1.31 | 3.01
|
| Flint, Mich. | 9.64 | 4.15 | 6.41 | 4.55
|
| Fort Wayne, Ind. | 56.53 | 8.65 | 10.86 | 13.20
| | Fort Worth, Texas | 5.88 | 4.29 | 2.58 | 4.40
| | Fresno, Calif. | 10.60 | 3.57 | 3.32 | 3.15
| | Gary, Ind. | 6.89 | 6.64 | 3.80 | 2.29
| | Grand Rapids, Mich. | 14.34 | 20.59 | 12.07 | 10.23
| | Greensboro, N.C. | 7.88 | 3.04 | 2.94 | 10.10
| | Houston, Texas | 5.30 | 3.91 | 2.35 | 2.35
| | Kansas City, Mo. | 11.49 | 11.72 | 8.44 | 9.26
| | Knoxville, Tenn. | 7.17 | 5.17 | 5.06 | 11.44
| | Lincoln, Neb. | Not Avail. | 46.41 | 16.64 | 9.33
| | Little Rock, Ark. | 9.36 | 7.57 | 7.46 | 12.53
| | Long Beach, Calif. | 7.07 | 8.96 | 4.06 | 3.35
| | Los Angeles, Calif. | 5.87 | 5.42 | 3.82 | 2.26
| | Louisville, Ky. | 7.59 | 5.27 | 5.11 | 5.54
| | Lubbock, Texas | 12.85 | 7.43 | 4.74 | 5.15
| | Madison, Wis. | 12.62 | 33.92 | 11.80 | 8.97
| | Memphis, Tenn. | 8.69 | 7.22 | 6.05 | 6.91
| | Miami, Fla. | 17.52 | 9.89 | 3.50 | 4.48
| | Milwaukee, Wis. | 13.97 | 6.32 | 7.21 | 9.06
| | Minneapolis, Minn. | 20.45 | 17.14 | 13.43 | 15.65
| | Montgomery, Ala. | 12.59 | 7.63 | 9.39 | 8.71
| | New Orleans, La. | 5.67 | 3.26 | 4.07 | 11.84
| | Norfolk, Va. | 7.99 | 6.14 | 5.22 | 10.47
| | Oakland, Calif. | 5.90 | 5.03 | 4.41 | 4.23
| | Oklahoma City, Okla. | 7.00 | 5.64 | 4.11 | 6.11
| | Omaha, Neb. | 8.78 | 15.76 | 9.72 | 12.43
| | Philadelphia, Pa. | 13.38 | 13.15 | 5.63 | 4.63
| | Phoenix, Ariz. | 13.68 | 11.09 | 5.40 | 5.93
| | Pittsburgh, Pa. | 10.18 | 10.79 | 9.10 | 15.38
| | Portland, Ore. | 16.87 | 8.02 | 6.60 | 11.02
| | Providence, R.I. | 11.79 | 5.83 | 3.29 | 4.79
| | Raleigh, N.C. | 12.29 | 10.56 | 12.17 | 14.45
| | Richmond, Va. | 8.23 | 5.55 | 7.16 | 9.30
| | Riverside, Calif. | 13.11 | 4.73 | 3.88 | 5.16
| | Rochester, N.Y. | 16.24 | 14.22 | 5.98 | 5.87
| | Sacramento, Calif. | 6.07 | 4.45 | 2.81 | 3.91
| | Salt Lake City, Utah | 38.51 | 12.15 | 10.24 | 13.13
| | San Antonio, Texas | 3.54 | 3.27 | 2.23 | 3.17
| | San Diego, Calif. | 10.54 | 7.94 | 4.98 | 3.58
| | San Francisco, Calif. | 6.72 | 6.49 | 4.62 | 4.51
| | San Jose, Calif. | 16.48 | 6.79 | 3.38 | 2.10
| | Santa Ana, Calif. | 9.75 | 5.30 | 2.26 | 1.27
| | Shreveport, La. | 15.91 | 8.64 | 8.24 | 10.34
| | Spokane, Wash. | 18.04 | 9.34 | 12.05 | 12.54
| | St. Louis, Mo. | 5.45 | 7.93 | 7.19 | 11.06
| | St. Paul, Minn. | 28.71 | 21.94 | 25.36 | 15.39
| | St. Petersburg, Fla. | 14.50 | 11.46 | 9.06 | 10.59
| | Stockton, Calif. | 8.26 | 3.70 | 4.27 | 1.66
| | Syracuse, N.Y. | 20.15 | 20.05 | 8.03 | 10.86
| | Tacoma, Wash. | 11.27 | 12.93 | 7.46 | 9.41
| | Tampa, Fla. | 10.02 | 5.39 | 5.02 | 5.20
| | Toledo, Ohio | 11.55 | 9.65 | 6.69 | 9.12
| | Tucson, Ariz. | 19.07 | 12.01 | 3.90 | 3.26
| | Tulsa, Okla. | 7.32 | 9.80 | 6.39 | 7.94
| | Virginia Beach, Va. | 19.51 | 6.71 | 2.99 | 4.77
| | Washington, D.C. | 5.48 | 6.46 | 11.20 | 15.15
| | Wichita, Kan. | 17.76 | 10.22 | 11.58 | 12.04
| | Worcester, Mass. | 4.19 | 4.95 | 4.69 | 7.48 |
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